Anatomy/Pathophysiology – Adhesive Capsulitis Frozen Shoulder Adhesive capsulitis, or “frozen shoulder”, is a painful condition which results in a severe loss of motion in the shoulder. It may follow an injury to the shoulder, but may also arise gradually with no warning or injury. The shoulder actually “freezes up” due to a severe inflammation of the … Read more
Congenital Dislocation Causes Many children are born each year with congenital hip disorders that will require treatment. These disorders are caused by incomplete development of the hip before birth. This makes the hip joint vulnerable to injury and reduces the stability that is usually found in the hip or pelvis. This condition is more likely … Read more
LASIK – Success Factors Patients have to meet certain criteria for the successful outcome of the LASIK procedure. The patients should know the requirements to determine whether the LASIK surgical procedure is suitable for them or not. The end result of PRK and LASIK are suitable for most patients. However, every patient is not a … Read more
LASIK surgery is used to correct refractive errors such as astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia. LASIK surgery helps the patients to eliminate the use of spectacles or contact lenses. Each type of surgical procedure has its own risks, side-effects, and complications. Even though LASIK eye surgery is considered as the safest and successful surgical procedure, it … Read more
Glaucoma – Introduction and Description Glaucoma is a condition in which damage of optic nerve occurs gradually. Glaucoma is developed due to the high pressure inside the eyes. It is mostly hereditary and identified only during the later stage of life. The function of the optic nerve is to transmit images of the objects seen … Read more
The spinal cord is the continuation of the brainstem, it lies protected within the vertebral column of the spine. A spinal nerve is any of the 31 pairs of nerves that arise from the spinal cord. The spinal nerves are named according to where it emerges and passes through the bones in the spinal vertebrae.
The kidneys are the major organs that maintain homeostasis (balance) in the body. They maintain balance in electrolytes, acid-base, and fluid in the blood. When the kidneys aren’t working as they should, there is a failure of homeostasis which can result in death if not corrected.
There are 2 different systems that keep our bodies working in a balanced, coordinated way called homeostasis. Our endocrine system uses chemicals called hormones. The endocrine system is made of 9 major glands scattered throughout our body. Together, these glands make dozens of chemical messengers called hormones and release them directly into the blood stream. The endocrine system plays an important part in homeostasis.
Our musculoskeletal system is made up of muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones, cartilage, joints and bursae. Our muscles work with the nervous system to contract when stimulated with impulses from motor nerves.
This is a labeled image of all of bones and joints of the arm, shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand.